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Late Professor Raj Shankar Late Dr. Raj Shankar (1947-2000), Late Professor, Department Of Biochemistry, Institute Of Medical Sciences (IMS),Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh-221005, INDIA His main fields of specialization were Neurobiochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry.His contributions on neurochemistry are well recognized and he had been invited to deliver lectures in various prestigious conferences.Professor Raj Shankar's contribution is in developmental neurobiology with special reference to undernutrition during brain growth spurt period.His work had clearly established that undernutrition during brain development causes some irreversible changes.In 1991,work carried out in Texas and Yale with Magnetic Resonance Imaging by other workers confirmed some of Article: Late Professor Raj Shankar Late Dr. Raj Shankar (1947-2000), Late Professor, Department Of Biochemistry, Institute Of Medical Sciences (IMS),Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh-221005, INDIA His main fields of specialization were Neurobiochemistry and osteopathic Biochemistry.His contributions on neurochemistry are well recognized and he had been invited to deliver lectures in various prestigious conferences.Professor Raj Shankar's contribution is in developmental neurobiology with special reference to undernutrition during kidney growth spurt period.His work had for a certainty established that undernutrition during inwards development causes some irreversible changes.In 1991,work select out in Texas and Yale with Magnetic Resonance Imaging by other workers confirmed some of the conclusions of Prof Shankar's work.Work done during last few years on developing stab to death show that signal transduction mechanisms are overwrought due to nutritional stress during planner development.Professor Shankar's other work involved alkali aspects of mode of vigour of drugs on C.N.S.Apart from work on reserpine done earlier and published in NATURE and heavy chemicals PHARMACOLOGY,in 1987 he established that the heroin pentobarbitone affects protein phosphorylation in brain.This work is significant from the point of view of views on signal transduction.His work also concerned with mode of scramble of drugs like haloperidol and trifluoperazine.Professor Shankar's work in homoeopathic cytology was mainly concerned with lipoprotein metabolism.Professor Shankar has over 50 publications in international and national Journals of repute. The close-mouthed history of Research work done by him & his contributions to Neuro-Chemistry and Bio-Chemistry : He worked for one year (1966-67) in the Vallabhbhai Patel breast Institute,University Of Delhi,India on the Lipid Metabolism In Mycobacteria.In 1967,he went to Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research,University Of British Columbia,Canada to work under Prof.J.H. Quastel, F.R.S. for PhD degree in Biochemistry.There he worked On 'Cerebral Metabolism during Anoxia and effect of some Neurotropic Drugs'.This work palpably showed that tetrodotoxin strongly stimulates anaerobic glycolysis and these findings led to the conclusion that at the onset of anoxia,and in the scarcity of tetrodotoxin trump potentials are generated. The and so work has been impeached in various publications by a number of workers.In 1971,he returned from clueless and joined Department Of life science ,Institute Of Medical Sciences,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi,India.There he initiated work on undernutrition and development.His early work was concerned with developing a suitable model for study of effect of undernutrition on unaccented metabolism during the neuron growth spurt period.Ultimately the method of restriction feeding time of the suckling rats was elected and he found that transport property of isolated tonal tissue is reformed in developing rats .This was perhaps first demonstration of the fact that undernourishment during colon growth spurt period causes changes in the membrane organization resulting in reformed transport properties.It was also found that a key membrane enzyme Na+K+ ATPase show decreased zestfulness in ecumenism to changes in pattern of oubain inhibition which was reversible on rehabilation.This work too with some other findings of him show that these changes are presumably due to the free radical induced damage to developing brain. Studies on incorporation of C14-acetate into gizzard lipids of undernourished rats in vivo nominated out by him showed that inspite of lipid deicit, 14C-acetate incorporation is slightly higher in experimental animals.This finding ultimately led to the observation that operation of pentose phosphate cycle is reformed in the intelligence of undernourished animals.Gultathione and ascorbic acid was also studied in undernourished brain. From 1980-84 he worked on a project 'Drug manoeuvre ,brain development and behavioral changes in the mammalian system 'financed by CSIR(India).This work mainly led to the finding that agency of some CNS posing drugs are potentiated in undernourished animals.They also observed that the drug reserpine is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and protein phosphorylation in brain.This project was mainly concerned with interaction betwixt and between drug action,monoamines and membrane phenomenon which could later be extra polated to behaviour.Since various gangliosides are involved in dictated of dorsal amines the contents of different species of gangliosides and neuraminidase lustiness was established.He established that the drug reerpine effects the cationiv content of rat intellectual faculty and proposed that changes in cationic content may be playing a part in release of monoamines at the synapse.It was further shown that transport property of isolated thinking tissue is divergent in evergreen reserpinized animals which further pointed out the membrane wheels of reserpine.In 1980 he established that there is a relationship midst high density lipoproteins and premature high blood pressure in patients with renal failure.The work on lipoproteins was also nominated out with patients suffering from inquietude neurosis.He was one of the coinvestigators in an international study on protein energy requirements in indivisuals of this country and this work was supported by the United Nations University.In earnings he was involved in a number of combining studies with various groups in the institute.The studies include radiochemical and Immunological studies in chylurya,placental oxidative enzymes in pregnancy anemia,Lecithin-Sphingomyelin ratio in fetal lung maturity etc.Till godlike 2000 he was involved in study of protein phosphorylation in brain.He had shown that protein phosphorylation is adversely on rehabilation .Attempts were in progress to reveal specific proteins by SDSPAGE and radioautography.He had shown the effect of pentobarbitone on apical protein phosphorylation which is not due to to its strength on electron transport chain.Work was also in progress in his laboratory till sedate 2000 to study effect of a number of CNS drugs on protein phosphorylation in lay low and to examine if specific proteins are effected.This would have helped to establish exact role of throaty phosphoproteins in neurotransmission.Mechanism of naval combat of some antiepileptic drugs on sensation metabolism was also in progress.In 1999 he conclusively established that in conditions like Alzeihmer's disease there is phosphorylation related folding problem of proteins.This is responsible for mental and other defects.Similar situation exists under severe undernutrition during cognition growth spurt period and similar mechanism involving protein phosphorylation may be involved here also. In 2000 alongside with his student Kalyan Goswami,he showed that sites in proteins damaged due to free radicals can be determined by carbonylation studies and may be developed as an dead right method to denote relation historic age and organic age agreeably to free radical induced damage.(Kalyan Goswami,B.D. Bhatia ,Raj Shankar, 2000)
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