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Atlantis through Science

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ICE AGES: - The impact of the ice ages and inter-glacial effects on the rise and fall of ocean levels and the planetoid readjustments to the departure of the ice cap cannot be over-looked in the human historical picture. Research in the area is far greater than in the recent past and we can learn what might have happened to earlier civilizations on earth. Atlantis is a given name for a trait-complex that inhabited many islands and regions, in my mind. The idea of one ruling location makes little sense when one considers such things as Ice Ages and changes in the flow of the Gulf Stream and norms that resulted. now it lasted for from 30,000 to 100,000 years and may have co-existed with other civilizations rising and falling it is most inauspicious to debate one specific time when it was in Tara or Crete or the Azores or Bimini or even Finias. That seems to be the usual debate amidst the over 25,000 bill of lading written nearly just this one lost civilization. As long as people don't integrate all facts they inevitably just come up with theories to fit pet or prevailing concepts. In Gateway to Atlantis, 'The Search for the source of a lost Civilization' we see a far superior scholar who is doing the right kind of investigation. Mapping of the ocean dell and geological understandings as well as studying glacial deposits and tree rings gives a modulate picture of history than history books.

"In 1960 a scientific paper by Wallace S. Broecker and his colleagues Maurice Ewing and Bruce C. Heezen, of Lamont Geological Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, appeared in the 'American Journal of Science'. Entitled 'Evidence for an snippy set apart in atmosphere invest to 11,000 years ago', it transfigured the theory that a 'number of geographically isolated systems suggested that the warming of world-wide air which occurred at the homologous of Wisconsin glacial times was extremely abrupt. (3)

By examining sediment cores taken from various deep-sea locations, Broecker and his team were able to demonstrate that in a circle c. 9000 BC. the surface water temperature of the Atlantic Ocean increased by needle six and ten degrees centigrade, (4) enough to restrain its entire ecosystem. More significantly, it was found that the at bottom waters of the Cariaco Trench in the Caribbean Sea, off Venezuela, suddenly stagnated, {The Gulf Stream guy sent back south from hitting the land haphazard the Azores when the water level was lower suddenly started warming the Iceland and British Isles regions, again.} showing that an beastly give in exchange in water circling had taken place comprehensive to the warming of the oceans. (5) Additionally, the silt deposits washing into the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi Valley plunk halted and were retained in the delta and valleys, as the waters from the glacier-bound Great Lakes switched direction and began draining through the previously frozen northern outlets. (6) With extreme rapidity, the water levels of these lakes shrank from maximum volume, down to the much lower level they occupy today. (7)

Among the data drawn on by Broecker and his team to make their findings was the work conducted in 1957 by Cesare Emiliani of the Department of Geology at the University of Miami. He found that deep-sea cores displayed palmy evidence of an truculent temperature turn in circles in 9000 BC. was responsible for the other changes set out by Broecker et al. (8) However, since other cores examined by Emiliani had not shown the same rapid transition, he decided that the monstrous cores lacked vital sediment layers covering a period of several thousand years of ecological history, and so dismissed them as unreliable. (9) Yet Broecker and his colleagues disputed Emiliani's interpretation of the results. They could find no reason to suppose that key sediment layers could have been lost in the manner suggested. As a consequence, they reinstated Emiliani's controversial findings as crucial evidence of a major shift in oceanic temperatures near enough to 11,000 years ago. (10)

Although Broecker et al seemed keen to promote a date of c. 9000 BC for the rapid transition from glacial to post-glacial ages, there are indications that this event did not occur until a slightly later period. At least three lake sites in the Great champaign country region revealed carbon-14 dates by 8000 BC for a maximum water level shortly 'before' they experienced a sudden desiccation past the withdrawal of the ice sheets. (11) In contrariety to this, marine shells from the St. Lawrence Valley, which provided evidence of an invasion of seawater parallel to a rapid ice retreat, frequently produced dates 'post' 9000 BC. (12)

Broecker and his colleagues named the presence of these much lower dates and suggested that the whole matter was complicated by the fact that there had been an estimated 200-year resurgence of glacial conditions, known as the Valders re-advance, helter-skelter the mid-ninth millenium BC. They therefore decent that their own findings might in fact relate to the recession of the ice fields consecutive this time, bringing the dates of their suggested 'major fluctuation in climate' and the 'sharp delegation in oceanic conditions' down to well downstairs c. 9000 BC. (13)

THE EVIDENCE OF POLLEN SPECTRA

Further evidence that dramatic changes accompanied the transition from glacial to post-glacial ages came from the work of Herbert E. Wright Jnr, of the School of this pendent world Sciences at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, (14) and J Gordon Ogden III of the Department of zoology and cybernetics at the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware. (15) Both examined the pollen spectra range from sediment cores taken from various lake sites in the Great Lakes area and found they provided depart evidence of an plumb shift in Demeter at the end of glaciation. The spruce forests that had thrived in the cold harsh tropic for many thousands of years were supplanted swiftly, first by pine and then by mixed hardwood forests, such as pummel and oak. Deciduous trees, as we know, only thrive in a warmer climate.

The significance of these findings is the getaway at which this transition took place. In an fact for the journal 'Quaternary Paleoecology' in 1967, Ogden pointed out that some pollen spectra samples showed a 50 per cent replacement from spruce to pine occurring in just 10 centimetres of sediment. (16) In one sample taken from a site named Glacial Lake Aitken in Minnesota, the transition from 55 per cent to 18 per cent spruce pollen occurred in only 7.6 centimetres of sediment, re- presenting a deposition corresponding to just 170 years. (17) The problem here is that conventional geologists and paleoecologists consider that the transition from glacial to post-glacial ages occurred over several 'thousand' years, not just a few hundred {The time it takes for one or two trees to live and die.} years.

These findings so fuddled Ogden that he was led to comment: 'The only mechanism sufficient to produce a take a turn of the kind described here would therefore mime to be a rapid and dramatic trade sight unseen in temperature and/or precipitation generally speaking 10,000 years ago.’ (18)

What kind of climatic 'event' might have been responsible for this 'rapid and dramatic become in temperature’ {Could this relate to the buttercups found frozen and undigested in Mammoth mouths of the Arctic?} in the American Midwest, sometime not far c. 8000 BC? Had it been a consequence of the proposed brief impact that devastated the western hemisphere during this same epoch?

The knowledge that some 65 million years ago the Cretaceous period had been precipitously brought to a gluey by just such an impact has softened the most stubborn of minds concerning such a possibility. Broecker himself, in an composition written for 'Scientific American' in 1983, now time-honoured that Mercury or lodestar impacts might be responsible for the instigation and termination of glacial ages. (19)

This is indeed what Emilio Spedicato has suggested as the mechanism later than the revolution in quality and ocean temperature experienced during this period…” (20)

We will return to implications related to this and the work of Mr. Collins throughout this encyclopedia as we develop real history from facts rather than the Bible Narrative. It should be evident that these weather changes had significant impacts on society and created a loss of culture and technology in veracious areas of the world. There were probably people who took boon of these spiritual and other perceptions that resulted as well.

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